17. Population Genetics and Evolution

Concepts
Population Genetics

• Factors that Cause the Gene Pool to Change
  • Mutation
  • Accidents
  • Artificial Selection
  • Natural Selection
  • Factors that Are Not Part of Natural Selection
• Situations in Which Natural Selection Does Not Operate
• Multiple Selection Pressures

Rates of Evolution
Speciation

• Phyletic Speciation
  • Pollen Transfer
  • Seed Dispersal
  • Vegetative Propagation
• Divergent Speciation
  • Abiological Reproductive Barriers
  • Biological Reproductive Barriers
  • Adaptive Radiation
• Convergent Evolution

Evolution and the Origin of Life

• Conditions on Earth Prior to the Origin of Life
  • Chemicals Present in the Atmosphere
  • Energy Sources
  • Time Available for the Origin of Life
• Chemicals Produced Chemosynthetically
• The Formation of Polymers
• Aggregation and Organization
• Early Metabolism
• Oxygen

The Presence of Life
Plants and People: Zoos, Botanical Gardens, and Genetic Drift